Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess a distinctive capacity to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has inspired extensive investigation in diverse fields, including biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and optoelectronics. However, the possible toxicity of UCNPs presents significant concerns that n

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structures fabricated with titanium nodes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for a diverse range of applications. These materials display exceptional chemical properties, including high porosity, tunable band gaps, and good robustness. The remarkable combination of these features makes titanium-based MOFs highl

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